解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Operative arthroscopy of the wrist compliments the physical examination and radiographic imaging to improve diagnosis and treatment of lesions about the distal ulna. This article reviews the relevant anatomy, biomechanics, and classification of acute and degenerative lesions of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (T...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) has a bony anatomy that contributes very little to stability. This article discusses the osseous anatomy about the distal end of the ulna. The structures that support the stability of the DRUJ, such as the triangular fibrocartilage complex, the tendon sheath of the extensor carpi ul...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypoplastic thumb has a variety of presentations, which have been generalized into a formal classification system that has treatment implications. In most cases, the spectrum of hypoplasia has predictable deficits in terms of tendon and bone absence. The ultimate goal is always the same--to enhance usage of the ra...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Distal radius fractures are common fractures that can cause significant disability. As techniques and implants have improved, better results can be expected from internal and external fixation of complex wrist fractures. With meticulous technique, articular alignment can be secured and small articular fragments can be...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy is not delineated clearly, and there are few controlled studies regarding rehabilitation as medicine. Analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intra-articular steroids are used widely, but especially in Europe, calcitonin is the primary treatment at early stag...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been helpful in our practice to separate somatic from sympathetic-mediated peripheral nerve pain. We would recommend application of the new nomenclature of type I complex regional pain (sympathetic dystrophy) and type II complex regional pain (causalgia) (see Table 1). We believe it is essential that both of th...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex forearm injuries involve damage to the skin and underlying tissues. The best results are obtained when a multidisciplinary approach is taken to their management. Management of the acute injury should be done in a manner that takes into consideration late reconstructive procedures and best possible final functi...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::When the wrist is grasping an object, at least four mechanisms of carpal stabilization are involved-one for each carpal row (proximal and distal), one for the midcarpal joint, and one for the radiocarpal joint. These mechanisms are based on the general principle that, under load-bearing conditions, any bone tends to r...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A complete examination of the wrist requires both an accurate history and a thorough understanding of carpal anatomy, biomechanics, and pathology. A thorough examination may necessitate evaluation of the radial and ulnar aspects of the carpus as well as potential extra-articular causes of wrist pain. A carefully obtai...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapy for the painful upper extremity is a challenge. This article focuses on various assessment tools and techniques that are reflective of the painful status. The author reviews several research articles that discuss validating treatment options and outlines rehabilitation for the painful upper extremity as it rel...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::"Thoracic outlet syndrome" is a term ascribed to a complex clinical entity encompassing complicated neurovascular signs, symptoms and pathology of the upper extremity. Controversies exist concerning its causes, diagnosis, and treatment despite years of intense study of hundreds of patients. Although there is no univer...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid flexor tenosynovitis at the wrist can cause locking, limitation of motion, nerve compression, and rupture of tendons. To prevent and treat these conditions, a flexor tenosynovectomy, combined with nerve decompression and tendon reconstruction as indicated, is necessary. If tendons are ruptured, the flexor p...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In failed cases of primary carpal tunnel release, the addition of the highly vascular palmaris brevis turnover flap as an adjunct to internal neurolysis discourages scarring and provides a nutrient bed for axonal regeneration. In fact, the palmaris muscle flap actually may suppress the growth of nerve fibers into the ...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first cases using the set of instruments designed by James C. Y. Chow, MD, of Mount Vernon, Illinois, were performed in September of 1987 by the developer. His was the first written introduction of the technique of endoscopically assisted carpal tunnel release published by a US author. This technique has been prac...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early motion programs establish gliding, decrease unwanted adhesions, and enhance the healing process and return to normal function of injuries. This article elaborates on how to best incorporate early motion programs into the rehabilitation process. ...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author reviews the long-term results of a large series of obstetrical brachial plexuses. The results of direct repair and secondary tendon transfers are reviewed. ...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::After severe injury to the dorsum of the hand, it may not be possible to directly repair the extensor tendons. Patients in this article were treated by initial skin replacement with pedicle flaps for coverage prior to extensor tendon grafting. Multiple operative procedures were necessary, but restoration was uniformly...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microvascular techniques allowing free tissue transfer have expanded the indications for limb salvage in tumor patients. Preoperative planning should predict the type of deficit anticipated. Specific techniques for soft tissue, skeletal, neurovascular, and composite tissue transfer are discussed. While demanding, the ...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article discusses the diagnosis and management of pigmented lesions of the hand, especially the nail bed. ...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disruption of the lunatotriquetral ligament is a common cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain. A review of the literature of the pathophysiology and treatment of LT ligament tears is presented. The authors report a series of 20 consecutive patients with arthroscopically confirmed LT ligament tears without a VISI collapse tr...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carpal tunnel syndrome is defined as a clinical condition related to dysfunction of the median nerve specifically related to the carpal tunnel. This article reviews anatomy, current surgical treatment options, technique, indications and contraindications, efficacy, complications, and the author's own perspective on th...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elbow arthroscopy is, to a degree, technically demanding. A complete knowledge of the regional anatomy of the elbow is essential. The technical expertise of the arthroscopist continues to improve, and sophistication of equipment continues to increase. These clear the way for new indications of elbow arthroscopy. It is...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors used gradual ligamentous distraction for closed reduction of nine irreducible dorsal fracture dislocations of the PIP joint. The volar fragment size was equal to or less than 40% in five and more than 50% in four. The average follow up was 18 months. The sequence of treatment required distraction, translat...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1987, Dr. John Agee described a method of holding reduction in unstable proximal interphalangeal fracture dislocations while allowing early motion. This method significantly improved the outcome of joint motion. This article explains Dr. Agee's method and the mechanics and physics necessary to use it. The limitatio...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Release of the transverse carpal ligament is commonly performed and highly successful in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome; however, complications do occur and may be broadly classified as errors in diagnosis and surgical technique. Complications range from incomplete division of the transverse carpal ligament t...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The consequences of postoperative infection in hand surgery are fortunately uncommon but can lead to severe disability. This article reviews the pathogenesis of infections and the role of antibiotics, skin preparation, and surgical technique in the development and prevention of infection. The final sections discuss th...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Careful preoperative planning, fixator selection and design, surgical technique, and sustained follow-up care are essential for successful gradual correction of pediatric forearm deformities. The sequence of planning gradual deformity correction can be created by establishing a problem list and using this as the basis...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of fractures of the distal radius are inherently unstable and cannot be treated by closed reduction and cast or external fixation. These fractures are high-energy motor vehicle accidents often seen in young adults but possible in nearly every age group. They are not typical Colles's fractures because they are ...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary treatment goal for Kienböck's disease remains decompression of the lunate. Although a number of treatment options are available, scaphocapitate fusion is our first choice in many cases of Kienböck's disease. Scaphocapitate fusion mechanically decompresses the lunate and prevents progressive carpal instabil...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical presentation and history of patients with Kienböck's disease do not permit differentiating avascular necrosis of the lunate from vague wrist pathology of a variety of causes. Diagnosis and evaluation of this disorder therefore require appropriate imaging studies. Plain-film radiography, tomography, and bo...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the nurse is valuable in laying the groundwork for the assessment of the patient with numbness, tingling, and/or upper extremity pain. Through the initial history the nurse can establish rapport with the patient and provide a good chronology of the problem. This can assist the physician with the physical e...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of the injured hand is undertaken to assess an acute injury, to diagnose chronic injuries prior to reconstruction, to evaluate function, and to evaluate disability. This article discusses the special evaluation method for each of these categories. ...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noninvasive studies, in general, and pulse volume recordings (PVRs), in particular, play important roles in diagnosis, planning, and monitoring of therapy for vascular disorders of the upper extremity. Essentially, PVR is a useful screening tool to show whether hemodynamically significant vascular disease has produced...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injuries to the carpometacarpal joints are uncommon and are sometimes overlooked on initial radiographs. Their recognition depends on a careful physical and radiographic examination that may require trispiral tomograms and CT scans. Most injuries can be treated successfully by closed reduction and percutaneous fixatio...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The variety of imaging techniques available to the clinician facilitates the diagnosis of acute and chronic wrist disorders. In most cases, conventional radiographs provide sufficient information. Computed and trispiral tomography, arthrography, video-fluoroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging are additional imaging ...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute arterial injuries of the upper extremity account for half of civilian arterial injuries in the United States. The great majority of these injuries are due to penetrating trauma, with stab wounds and gunshot wounds being the most common cause. The history of the injury and a careful physical examination will iden...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic disease and metabolic imbalance may be associated with peripheral nerve focal compressive neuropathies. The nerve may be primarily involved, or symptoms may result from chronic tenosynovitis or synovitis. We review the more commonly occurring compressive neuropathies associated with underlying systemic disord...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ulnar nerve compression about the elbow is common. If diagnosed and treated early, satisfactory results can be expected. Severe chronic nerve compression may lead to permanent nerve damage. The diagnosis can be made by careful history, physical examination, knowledge of the nerve anatomy, and sometimes electrodiagnosi...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preaxial polydactyly is the result of aberrant bifurcation of the embryonic preaxial anlage. Effective reconstruction of thumb duplication requires careful evaluation of all components. Skin, nail, bone, ligament, and musculoskeletal elements must be combined to reconstruct an optimal digit. ...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dupuytren's contracture nodules, but not cords, contain myofibroblasts. These cells, which combine many electron microscopic, physiologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, are probably the active force of contraction. Prominent myofibroblasts and intracellular microtubule...
journal_title:Hand clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00